Мы начинаем рубрику — Чтение 7 класс английский-1. Изучаем язык с интересными фактами со всего света. Итак, что повлияло на развитие английского языка?
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Чтение 7 класс английский. Что повлияло на развитие английского языка? -I
William I the Conqueror [ˈkɒŋkərə] had been preparing for a long time to change the English language. Who is he? And how did it happen that Normandy [ˈnɔːməndɪ] influenced the language of a completely different state?
William was the illegitimate son of Robert I the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy. After his father’s death in 1035, at the age of 8, he became Duke of Normandy, but his position was precarious due to the intrigues [ɪnˈtriːg] of the nobility and rebellions. They constantly wanted to overthrow him. But William showed his strong will and determination to keep power. At the age of 20, he bravely defeated the pretender to the ducal title, Guy of Burgundy.
In 1051, a very young William visited the English court of King Edward the Confessor, and this strengthened his desire for the English throne. After the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066, William claimed the English crown and began preparations for an invasion. He gathered a considerable force, including knights from Brittany and Flanders.
On October 14, 1066, William wins the Battle of Hastings, in which King Harold II was killed. After that, William entered London, and on December 25, 1066, he was crowned in Westminster Abbey. French in its Norman dialect [ˈdaɪəlekt] form has become the official language of England. It was used in court, administration, the church, among the nobility and in secular circles.
English found itself in the position of the language of the lower social strata — the peasantry, small landowners, urban artisans and merchants.
Чтение 7 класс английский. Что повлияло на развитие английского языка? -II
Some groups of French loanwords:
words related to the life of the royal court (court, courtier, prince, servant);
Religious terms (religion [rɪˈlɪʤən], prayer, confession, saint);
words related to public administration (government, parliament, duke, vassal);
terms related to legal proceedings and justice (justice, sentence, judge);
words related to urban crafts (painter, butcher, tailor);
terms related to military affairs (soldier, army, battle, victory).
English has also absorbed a significant number of official parts of speech (prepositions, conjunctions), for example, except, because.
The process of borrowing words from the French language was observed mainly from the middle of the 13th to the end of the 14th century. Thanks to the French language, cases have disappeared from English, but prepositions and articles have appeared.
But the real coup happened when William Caxton came to England. He brought with him an amazing invention — a printing press (in 1476). Caxton opened the first printing house in London. He began to publish books in English — stories, ballads, scientific works.
And then a problem arose: the owner of the printing house hired the Flemish for typing the English texts. But these people didn’t know much authentic English and typed the texts the way they heard them. Illiterate Flemish made many mistakes that have become entrenched in modern English. And now the old mistakes are the norm nowadays.
Вопросы
Answer the following questions:
1. Who was William I the Conqueror?
2. What was William’s relationship to Robert I the Magnificent?
3. At what age did William become Duke of Normandy?
4. Why was William’s position as Duke of Normandy precarious?
5. What event in 1051 strengthened William’s desire for the English throne?
6. When did William claim the English crown and begin preparations for an invasion?
7. What happened on October 14, 1066, and who was killed in that battle?
8. When and where was William crowned King of England?
9. Which language became the official language of England after William’s conquest? And in which areas was it used?
10. Which social groups continued to use English after the Norman Conquest?
11. When was the process of borrowing French words into English mainly observed?
12. How did William Caxton influence the English language? And what role did the Flemish workers play in shaping modern English spelling?
Заключение
Итак, дорогие ученики! Мы с вами учимся в 7 классе. Автор этого сайта предлагает вариант лёгкого и занимательного обучения, но с учетом того, что уровень ученика соответствует начальному уровню 7 класса. Иначе смотрите на сайте предыдущий материал. Как вам понравилась подборка идиом про знание? Будете ли вы их применять и почему?
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