Чтение 8 класс английский-12. Жизнь в кипятке

Мы продолжаем рубрику — Чтение 8 класс английский-12. Узнаем интересные факты со всего света. Итак, есть ли жизнь в кипятке? Есть!

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Чтение 8 класс английский-12. Жизнь в кипятке-I

While the temperature of +70 degrees is deadly for 99 percent [pəˈsent] of those living on earth… These creatures simply died when they were lifted from the depths of hydrothermal [haɪdrəˈθɜːml] vents at +70 degrees. When a person learns about this world, he perceives it through his experience. And ten he established concepts [ˈkɒnsept] and sensations.

He is uncomfortable when the temperature exceeds 30 degrees. And he boils water to kill bacteria [bækˈtɪərɪə], for example, in tap water. He knows that boiling water at 100 degrees can burn you. And he doesn’t really imagine how anything alive can move in boiling water at all. Even the most tenacious microbes [ˈmaɪkrəʊb] and microorganisms [maɪkrəʊˈɔːgənɪzəmz] die when boiled.

So scientists could not guess about anything like this until one significant thing. Deep-sea apparatuses [æpəˈreɪtəs] were invented in the 70s of the last century. With the help of them they began to study hydrothermal [haɪdrəˈθɜːml] vents. The temperature of this ominous deep darkness, teeming with hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrəʤ(ə)n] eruptions, reaches impressive figures. 200-400 degrees. Thousands of meters, eternal darkness, boiling water, lit with hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrəʤ(ə)n] sulfide [ˈsʌlfaɪd]… Is it possible to talk about the existence of any life here? From this point of view, scientists were not interested in exploring this underwater world at all.

So at the bottom of the Cayman Basin, at a depth of more than 5000 meters, a fully populated kingdom of Neptune [ˈneptjuːn] was discovered, full of not just primitive [ˈprɪmɪtɪv] unicellular [juːnɪˈseljʊlə] life. Entire ecosystem are, independent of each other. And previously unknown to science, have made a series of discoveries to scientists. Various mollusks [ˈmɒləsk] filter crabs, shrimps and even small worms. Interestingly, thermophilic [θɜːməˈfɪlɪk] shrimp swim in boiling water and can’t cook! Such, perhaps, you will not eat.

Чтение 8 класс английский-12. Жизнь в кипятке-II

Sources like the Caimon Hollow are called «black smokers». Due to hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrəʤ(ə)n] sulfide [ˈsʌlfaɪd] escaping from the bottom, greasy black smoke swirls in the water. Shrimps not only splash with pleasure in boiling water, but also are not covered with soot! For them, life is not possible at all without this carbon [ˈkɑːbən] monoxide [məˈnɒksaɪd] smoke. They just need this beneficial and nutritious environment. Which is obtained by oxidation [ɒksɪˈdeɪʃn] of various chemical [ˈkemɪkəl] elements [ˈelɪmənts].

Microorganisms [maɪkrəʊˈɔːgənɪzəmz] are completely dependent on the prevailing local conditions. And it is not possible for them to survive in another habitat. Lowering the temperature to +70 degrees for them means a cold snap, similar to our ice age. That’s why, when they were lifted from their favorite bottom… From this heavenly paradise, to the surface, they simply perished.

After such amazing discoveries, humanity can reconsider its point of view on many already established concepts. About when exactly could life have originated on the Earth that was forming millions of years ago? And is there life on other planets unsuitable for human existence, but comfortable for their inhabitants?

Чтение 8 класс английский-12. Жизнь в кипятке

Вопросы

Answer the following questions:

1. At what temperature (in degrees Celsius) is life considered deadly for 99 % of Earth’s organisms, according to the text?

2. What happened to the deep‑sea creatures when they were brought to the surface from their habitat?

3. Why does a human find temperatures above 30 °C uncomfortable, and what common practice (related to water) do humans use to kill bacteria?

4. Why did scientists originally assume that nothing could live in boiling water?

5. When were deep‑sea apparatuses invented that allowed scientists to study hydrothermal vents?

6. What temperature range (in degrees Celsius) do hydrothermal vents reach, as stated in the text?

7. What three extreme conditions characterize the environment around hydrothermal vents (name them)?

8. Where was the “kingdom of Neptune” discovered, and at what approximate depth (in meters)?

9. What kinds of organisms have scientists found in these deep‑sea ecosystems (list at least four types mentioned)?

10. What is unusual about thermophilic shrimp—how do they behave in boiling water?

11. What are “black smokers,” and why do they emit black smoke?

12. What chemical compound is responsible for the black smoke emitted by “black smokers”?

13. Why don’t the shrimp get covered in soot, despite living in the black smoke?

14. Why is the environment around hydrothermal vents considered “beneficial and nutritious” for the local organisms, and what process creates this environment?

15. What broader questions about life on Earth and other planets does the text suggest humanity should reconsider after these discoveries?

Заключение

Дорогие ученики! Мы с вами прочитали очередной текст на английском языке. Есть ли жизнь в кипятке? Насколько интересен и полезен был для вас материал? Если информация была для вас занимательной, подписывайтесь на нас. Оставляйте свои комментарии и пожелания, если они у вас также возникли. Предыдущий материал — чтение, юные изобретатели, Блез Паскаль. Юные изобретатели — кто придумал шрифт для слепых. Чтение — юные изобретатели: кто придумал батут? Кто придумал снегоход? Такое необычное существо — пиявка! Дерево, украшенное ботинками. Муравьи зомби. Идиомы про учебу. Жутко ужасные — необычная семья.

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