Present Perfect переводится как «настоящее совершившееся» время. Как же так? Философия этого времени такова, что действие произошло, но вы об этом узнаёте только сейчас. И это связывает прошедшее время с настоящим. Поскольку существует связь с настоящим временем, в Present Perfect не указывают обстоятельства прошедшего времени. Итак, обстоятельства времени Present Perfect I.

Обстоятельства времени Present Perfect I

Глагол to have является вспомогательным глаголом, не путать его со смысловым глаголом to have в Present Simple, который имеет значение «иметь».

Запомните, что все новости в английском языке передаются в The Present Perfect Tense. Если вы будете смотреть новости по телевизору или слушать новости по радио, первая строка сообщений начинается в The Present Perfect Tense. Дальнейшее повествование, как разворачивались события, происходит в Past Simple (если действия просто перечисляются) или в Past Continuous (если действия длились). Если в предложении указывается время, когда происходит действие, мы используем только «датированные» времена, то есть Simple, но никогда не Perfect!

Указателями на Present Perfect могут являться такие восклицания: Have you heard? Are you in the know? Do you know?

Вспоминаем, что модальные глаголы не имеют III формы глагола и пользуются заменителями: can – to be able to (have/has been able to), must – to have to (have/has had to). Got в перфектном времени не используется.

I have been able to translate the text. – Я смог перевести этот текст.

We have been allowed to rewrite the dictation. – Мы можно было переписать этот диктант.

She has had to reply them once more. – Она должна была ответить им снова.

Упражнения на тему Обстоятельства времени Present Perfect I

I. Conjugate in Past Simple and Present Perfect.

1. Vasya / can / to hold a lesson about word-formation 2. His classmates / to get to know about droll word-formation 3. The lesson / to be useful 4. Artyem / can / to scold him 5. The head-master Artyem / to fix his tie with a grand view 6. Vasya / may / to speak about apples even in word-formation 7. Apples / to cast a spell on Vasya 8. His classmates / to know about pineapples and love apples thanks to Vasya 9. Artyem / to praise Vasya for the apple-pie order 10. Vasya / to gorge on apples day out

II. News! Announce Paulina’s fairy-tale news.

1. Cinderella / to get into a traffic jam while driving to the ball. The clock / to strike 12. Now she / to sit on the road among the rats that / to run around and / to snap her pumpkin.

2. Cinderella / to be late for the ball. Step Mother / to mix up jam with salt and herring with milk and / to require to separate it.

3. Fairy / to become too old. When Prince / to dash after Cinderella, he / to find a crystal salad bowl.

4. At last, children / can / to understand: why Prince / to look for Cinderella by a shoe. He / not to remember Cinderella’s face.

5. Father Frost / to come and / to take away all presents of past year: children / to act so badly this year.

6. News! Doctor I-bolete / to sew new winglets to the mosquito and / to let him fly. The mosquito / to turn out not to be thankful. He / to bite Doctor I-bolete.

Ответы

Past Simple: Vasya could hold a lesson about word‑formation. Present Perfect: Vasya has held a lesson about word‑formation.
Past Simple: His classmates got to know about droll word‑formation. Present Perfect: His classmates have got to know about droll word‑formation.
Past Simple: The lesson was useful. Present Perfect: The lesson has been useful.
Past Simple: Artyem could scold him. Present Perfect: Artyem has scolded him.
Past Simple: The head‑master Artyem fixed his tie with a grand view. Present Perfect: The head‑master Artyem has fixed his tie with a grand view.
Past Simple: Vasya might speak about apples even in word‑formation. Present Perfect: Vasya has been able to speak about apples even in word‑formation.
Past Simple: Apples cast a spell on Vasya. Present Perfect: Apples have cast a spell on Vasya.
Past Simple: His classmates knew about pineapples and loved apples thanks to Vasya. Present Perfect: His classmates have known about pineapples and have loved apples thanks to Vasya.
Past Simple: Artyem praised Vasya for the apple‑pie order. Present Perfect: Artyem has praised Vasya for the apple‑pie order.
Past Simple: Vasya gorged on apples day out. Present Perfect: Vasya has gorged on apples day out.