Чтение 8 класс английский-20

Продолжаем рубрику — Чтение 8 класс английский-20. Узнаем интересные факты со всего мира. Итак, бессмертное существо, какое оно?

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Чтение 8 класс английский-20. Бессмертное существо-I

Does immortality exist on our planet? Is there such a form of life on our native, well-known Earth that is able to exist forever? It turns out that there is such a creature – this is the jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula. Moreover, the jellyfish has no brains, no heart, no nervous system. But this mysterious inhabitant of the seas never dies of her own death. It can live forever. That is, it is practically [ˈpræktɪkəlɪ] immortal!

This jellyfish is being actively studied by geneticists [ʤɪˈnetɪsɪst]. And specialists [ˈspeʃəlɪst] in marine biology [baɪˈɒləʤɪ]. They are trying to understand how this tiny creature is able to reverse the aging process [ˈprəʊsəs]. These creatures are tiny. Jellyfish of this species are only 4-5 millimeters [ˈmɪlɪmiːtə] in diameter [daɪˈæmɪtə]. And Turritopsis nutricula constantly return to the juvenile [ˈʤuːvənaɪl] stage. According to scientists, the hydroid jellyfish of this species [ˈspiːʃiːz] is the only known organism [ˈɔːgənɪzm] on our planet capable of regenerating and rejuvenating itself.

This jellyfish can repeat this cycle an infinite number of times. Which makes it practically [ˈpræktɪkəlɪ] immortal. Jellyfish of the Turritopsis nutricula species [ˈspiːʃiːz] have two stages of development. Polyps [ˈpɒlɪp] and the jellyfish itself. The life span of the jellyfish is not so long — from a few hours to several months. But, the most interesting thing is that as a result [rɪˈzʌlt] of the aging process [ˈprəʊsəs]. This multicellular organism [ˈɔːgənɪzm] does not die at all. It returns to the polyp [ˈpɒlɪp] stage, and this cycle repeats endlessly. Here it is – immortality!

Чтение 8 класс английский-20. Бессмертное существо-II

The discovery of this phenomenon, as it often happens in science, happened by accident. Once an Italian [ɪˈtælɪən] scientist Fernando [fəˈnɒndəʊ] Boero planted several specimens [ˈspesɪmən] of this species of jellyfish in his aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm] for preservation. Jellyfish of this species, due to their nondescript appearance. And rather small size, were practically unknown to the general public. It turned out that the planned experiments had to be postponed for some reason.And the scientist simply forgot about the jellyfish placed in the aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm].

The water in the aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm] dried up. And it seemed that all the inhabitants of the aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm] died. But, as a true naturalist [ˈnæʧrəlɪst], before throwing away all the contents of the aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm], he still tried to study the remains of jellyfish dried up to the size of a match head.

There was no limit [ˈlɪmɪt] to his surprise. It turned out that the jellyfish did not die. They just dropped off their tentacles and turned into larvae again. Boero continued his spontaneous [spɒnˈteɪnɪəs] experience and simply filled the aquarium [əˈkwe(ə)rɪəm] with water. After a while, the scientist witnessed a real miracle. The larva of half-dried jellyfish turned into polyps [ˈpɒlɪp], from which new jellyfish subsequently budded.

As a result [rɪˈzʌlt] of further experiments, it turned out that small jellyfish – inconspicuous and primitive [ˈprɪmɪtɪv] creatures, do something impossible. They can control [kɒnˈtrəʊl] their own genes [ʤiːn] without permission. In case of danger, these creatures force time to «move backwards», they return to the «childish» stage of development and begin their lives anew.

Вопросы

Answer the following questions:

1. Does immortality exist on our planet and what creature proves it? 2. What organs does the jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula lack? 3. Who is studying this jellyfish and what are they trying to understand? 4. How small are the jellyfish of this species? 5. What stage do these jellyfish constantly return to? 6. How many times can this jellyfish repeat the cycle of rejuvenation? 7. What two stages of development do these jellyfish have? 8. How long is the life span of the jellyfish? 9. How did the discovery of this phenomenon happen? 10. Why did the scientist forget about the jellyfish in his aquarium? 11. What happened to the jellyfish when the water in the aquarium dried up? 12. What can these creatures do with their own genes in case of danger?